[19] As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems". [163] The highest and lowest recorded temperatures in all of Hong Kong are 39.0 °C (102 °F) at Wetland Park on 22 August 2017,[164] and −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) at Tai Mo Shan on 24 January 2016. After reversal of the last colonial era Legislative Council democratic reforms following the handover,[82] the regional government unsuccessfully attempted to enact national security legislation pursuant to Article 23 of the Basic Law. [199] It is the world's 35th-largest economy, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$373 billion. In 1857, the British government expanded the scope of Victoria City and divided it into four wans (Chinese: 環; Jyutping: waan4; pinyin: huán; lit. [226], The Mass Transit Railway (MTR) is an extensive passenger rail network, connecting 93 metro stations throughout the territory. Capital Group homepage. Private schools subsidised under the Direct Subsidy Scheme and international schools fall outside of this system and may elect to use differing curricula and teach using other languages. [238] It is the eighth-busiest airport by passenger traffic,[239] and handles the most air-cargo traffic in the world. [191] The universal public healthcare system is funded by general-tax revenue, and treatment is highly subsidised; on average, 95 per cent of healthcare costs are covered by the government. Perché visitare Hong Kong? Unofficially 11th in the world according to the 2020 estimates by the, Largest cities or municipalities in the People's Republic of China, [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y], [hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y], the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Independent Commission Against Corruption, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, 14th most popular destination for international tourists, Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System, eighth-busiest airport by passenger traffic, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road, Legislative Council Disclaimer and Copyright Notice, "Survey and Mapping Office – Circulars and Publications", "Population - Overview | Census and Statistics Department", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", Technical Legislative Amendments on Traffic Arrangements for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2017, "World's Richest Cities: The Top 10 Cities Billionaires Call Home", "Country Comparison: GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)", "Hong Kong's worsening housing shortage forces thousands into 'coffin homes, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "Aquilaria sinensis and origin of the name of Hong Kong", "The Petrology of the Wong Tei Tung Stone Tool Manufacturing Site, Sham Chung, Hong Kong Sar, China", "Pro-China Party Appears Big Loser in Hong Kong Election". [46] The region was consolidated under the Nanyue kingdom (a predecessor state of Vietnam) after the Qin collapse[47] and recaptured by China after the Han conquest. [221] While the economy transitioned to a service basis during the 1980s,[221] late colonial governments introduced interventionist policies. Thence along the west side of Moreton Terrace to the south-east corner of Inland Lot No. [250] Renewable sources account for a negligible amount of energy generated for the territory. [264], Traditional Chinese family values, including family honour, filial piety, and a preference for sons, are prevalent. [271] There are five daily meals: breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner, and siu yeh. [202], Hong Kong is the tenth-largest trading entity in exports and imports (2017), trading more goods in value than its gross domestic product. [287] Hong Kong athletes have won 126 medals at the Paralympic Games and 17 at the Commonwealth Games. [245], The Peak Tram, Hong Kong's first public transport system, has provided funicular rail transport between Central and Victoria Peak since 1888. The 30 limited electorate functional constituencies fill their seats using first-past-the-post or instant-runoff voting. [75] It does not specify how Hong Kong will be governed after 2047, and the central government's role in determining the territory's future system of government is the subject of political debate and speculation. [61], The colony was further expanded in 1898 when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories. Much of the elderly population were not formally educated due to war and poverty. [12] The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the seventh-largest in the world, with a market capitalisation of HK$30.4 trillion (US$3.87 trillion) as of December 2018[update]. [55] Qing authorities established the Canton System in 1757 to regulate trade more strictly, restricting non-Russian ships to the port of Canton. Hong-Kong est un pays qui appartient au continent asiatique qui compte avec une surface de 1,104 km2 et une population de plus de 7,055,071, son code iso2 y iso3 sont successivement hk et HKG, la Capitale hongkongaise est la ville de Hong Kong. [310] Several international publications have regional operations in Hong Kong, including The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, The New York Times International Edition, USA Today, Yomiuri Shimbun, and The Nikkei. [206] Agricultural activity is 0.1% of GDP, and consists of growing premium food and flower varieties. [50], The earliest European visitor was Portuguese explorer Jorge Álvares, who arrived in 1513. [126][127][128] The regional government maintains trade offices in Greater China and other nations. [223] The city is ranked as one of the most expensive cities for expatriates. The University of Hong Kong was founded as the city's first institute of higher education during the early colonial period in 1911. [220], The government has had a passive role in the economy. Mwaissès dnêyes. [67] Hong Kong was occupied by Japan for almost four years before Britain resumed control on 30 August 1945. [123] Hong Kong residents are not required to perform military service and current law has no provision for local enlistment, so its defence is composed entirely of non-Hongkongers. [275] Hong Kong cinema continued to be internationally successful over the following decade with critically acclaimed dramas such as Farewell My Concubine, To Live, and Chungking Express. [80] This was followed by the 2003 SARS epidemic, during which the territory experienced its most serious economic downturn. Buses and the new tramway would become the main form of transportation in the area.[16]. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen. Colonial governments had little industrial policy, and implemented almost no trade controls. [101][102][103], The Legislative Council has 70 members, each serving a four-year term. [70] With a rapidly increasing population, the colonial government began reforms to improve infrastructure and public services. It was initially named Queenstown but was soon known as Victoria. Local versions of Western food are served at cha chaan teng (fast, casual restaurants). These advise the government on local issues such as public facility provisioning, community programme maintenance, cultural promotion, and environmental policy. Legislative Council members elected by functional constituencies composed of professional and special interest groups are accountable to those narrow corporate electorates and not the general public. [39] The name was also commonly written as the single word Hongkong until 1926, when the government officially adopted the two-word name. L'osservanza rigorosa delle regole del traffico, l'assenza di segnali sonori, il design colorato delle strade suggeriscono involontariamente: "Hong Kong è la capitale di quale paese? There are a total of 479 district council seats, 452 of which are directly elected. The Kangxi Emperor lifted the prohibition, allowing foreigners to enter Chinese ports in 1684. The capital of Hong Kong is City of Victoria, which was founded 1842. [177] The Ping Shan Heritage Trail has architectural examples of several imperial Chinese dynasties, including the Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda (Hong Kong's only remaining pagoda). The public-housing estate programme, Independent Commission Against Corruption, and Mass Transit Railway were all established during the post-war decades to provide safer housing, integrity in the civil service, and more-reliable transportation. Typhoons occur most often then, sometimes resulting in floods or landslides. [312] RTHK is the public broadcaster, providing seven radio channels and three television channels. [3] Slightly over half the population (53.2 per cent) speaks English, the other official language;[2] 4.3 per cent are native speakers, and 48.9 per cent speak English as a second language. It is located across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula. [296] Mandatory education has contributed to an adult literacy rate of 95.7 per cent. [91] The Sino-British Joint Declaration provided for economic and administrative continuity through the transfer of sovereignty,[75] resulting in an executive-led governing system largely inherited from the territory's history as a British colony. Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR), is a metropolitan area and special administrative region of the People's Republic of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta of the South China Sea. C'est l'une des zones les plus libérales au monde. [125] The territory actively participates in the World Trade Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the International Olympic Committee, and many United Nations agencies. Ltd and Robert Lee Flickinger, Antiquities and Monuments Office website: "Boundary Stone, City of Victoria", Boundary of the City of Victoria as defined in Hong Kong Laws, A article on the "four wans and nine yeuks" in Chinese, Another article on "four wans and nine yeuks", A photographic panorama of the water-front and city of Victoria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria,_Hong_Kong&oldid=993819330, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [303] The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,[304] Hong Kong Baptist University,[305] Lingnan University,[306] Education University of Hong Kong,[307] Open University of Hong Kong,[308] Hong Kong Shue Yan University and The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong were all established in subsequent years. [212][213] The Closer Partnership Economic Arrangement formalised a policy of free trade between the two areas, with each jurisdiction pledging to remove remaining obstacles to trade and cross-boundary investment. The number of films produced annually has declined to about 60 in 2017. [249] The rest is from other imports, including nuclear energy generated in mainland China. [28][29], Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index. [197][198], Hong Kong has a capitalist mixed service economy, characterised by low taxation, minimal government market intervention, and an established international financial market. The Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, composed of classical Chinese instruments, is the leading Chinese ensemble and plays a significant role in promoting traditional music in the community. [235] Bus services operate more than 700 routes across the territory,[228] with smaller public light buses (also known as minibuses) serving areas standard buses do not reach as frequently or directly. Under the doctrine of "positive non-interventionism", post-war administrations deliberately avoided the direct allocation of resources; active intervention was considered detrimental to economic growth. Secondary schools emphasise "bi-literacy and tri-lingualism", which has encouraged the proliferation of spoken Mandarin language education. [134] The government has been repeatedly petitioned to introduce direct elections for these positions. Géographie de Hong Kong : nom officiel, capitale, principales villes à Hong Kong, superficie (1.110,00 km²), climat (Composé de plus de 200 îles, le Hong Kong est situé dans la zone subtropicale de la mer de Chine méridionale. [30] The dense space led to a developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90 percent. [30] The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world,[31] and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. "Hong Kong Activists Stare Down 'Great Firewall of China'", Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, "Education in Hong Kong and China: Towards Convergence? [247] Hong Kong Tramways covers a portion of Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong – Skyline de nuit. [244] Junks, once common in Hong Kong waters, are no longer widely available and are used privately and for tourism. [51][52] Portuguese merchants established a trading post called Tamão in Hong Kong waters and began regular trade with southern China. The Census and Statistics Department estimated Hong Kong's population at 7,482,500 in mid-2019. [209][210] The territory's GDP relative to mainland China's peaked at 27 per cent in 1993; it fell to less than three per cent in 2017, as the mainland developed and liberalised its economy. Hong Kong’s total land area measures 405 square miles (1,050 square kilometers). Elle se situe à l’extrémité du delta de la Rivière des Perles, avec laquelle elle forme la plus grande région urbaine du monde. [106] All popularly elected members are chosen by proportional representation. Un article du Figaro, en 2009, illustre l’explosion de la consommation de kétamine à Hong Kong depuis le début des années 2000 [9], mais la situation s’est tout de même stabilisée ces cinq dernières années. [134] Although universal suffrage for Chief Executive and all Legislative Council elections are defined goals of Basic Law Articles 45 and 68,[135] the legislature is only partially directly elected and the executive continues to be nominated by an unrepresentative body. [22][23] Over half of its cargo throughput consists of transshipments (goods travelling through Hong Kong). Taipingshan – a neighborhood near Sheung Wan that shared its name with, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 17:36. [11] Although Hong Kong's economy has ranked at the top of the Heritage Foundation's economic freedom index since 1995,[200][201] the territory has a relatively high level of income disparity. With over 7.5 million residents of various nationalities[d] in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. [285][286], Hong Kong represents itself separately from mainland China, with its own sports teams in international competitions. Common cha chaan teng menu items include macaroni in soup, deep-fried French toast, and Hong Kong-style milk tea. [265] Nuclear families are the most common households, although multi-generational and extended families are not unusual. The government was forced to use substantial foreign exchange reserves to maintain the Hong Kong dollar's currency peg during the 1997 Asian financial crisis,[69] and the recovery from this was muted by an H5N1 avian-flu outbreak[79] and a housing surplus. The capital city of Hong Kong is Hong Kong. [105], Twenty-two political parties had representatives elected to the Legislative Council in the 2016 election. "Sai Wan", "Sheung Wan" and "Choong Wan" retain the same name in Chinese today. Al vostro arrivo a Hong Kong, vi sembrerà chiara la connessione tra gli odori di alcune strade e le mascherine portate dagli abitanti. The stones spread from Causeway Bay to Kennedy Town. [90], Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, with executive, legislative, and judicial powers devolved from the national government. [77] The Legislative Council became a fully elected legislature for the first time in 1995 and extensively expanded its functions and organisations throughout the last years of the colonial rule. [174] Some (including the Court of Final Appeal Building and the Hong Kong Observatory) retain their original function, and others have been adapted and reused; the Former Marine Police Headquarters was redeveloped into a commercial and retail complex,[175] and Béthanie (built in 1875 as a sanatorium) houses the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts. [149] The law criminalises acts that were previously considered protected speech under Hong Kong law and establishes the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, an investigative office under Central People's Government authority immune from HKSAR jurisdiction. [193] Although median household income steadily increased during the decade to 2016, the wage gap remained high;[194] the 90th percentile of earners receive 41 per cent of all income. While the city of Victoria used to house the capital, it now rests in a central location of Hong Kong. Nulla di più sbagliato: come si può leggere su alcuni cartelli, le persone devono indossare la mascherina per evitare di contagiare gli altri in caso di influenza, raffreddore o un semplice mal di gola. Settlers from nearby provinces migrated to Kowloon throughout the Ming dynasty. ". Broadband Internet access is widely available, with 92.6 per cent of households connected. [279] Despite a general decline since late in the decade,[280] Cantopop remains dominant in Hong Kong; contemporary artists such as Eason Chan, Joey Yung, and Twins are popular in and beyond the territory. [62] Kai Tak Airport began operation in 1924, and the colony avoided a prolonged economic downturn after the 1925–26 Canton–Hong Kong strike. [71][72] Although the territory's competitiveness in manufacturing gradually declined because of rising labour and property costs, it transitioned to a service-based economy. [153] Urban development is concentrated on the Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong Island, and in new towns throughout the New Territories. [259] Although the vast majority of the population is ethnically Chinese, Hong Kong has developed a distinct identity. And how should we best guess crowd size? [178], Tong lau, mixed-use tenement buildings constructed during the colonial era, blended southern Chinese architectural styles with European influences. [44] Neolithic to Bronze Age Hong Kong settlers were semi-coastal people. Conditions on the island improved during the Taiping Rebellion in the 1850s, when many Chinese refugees, including wealthy merchants, fled mainland turbulence and settled in the colony. [292] Children are required to attend school from the age of six until completion of secondary education, generally at age 18. We focus on Fintech and Deeptech in Europe that have the ambition and potential to scale their business in Asia. [112] Interpretative and amending power over the Basic Law and jurisdiction over acts of state lie with the central authority, making regional courts ultimately subordinate to the mainland's socialist civil law system. [113] Decisions made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress override any territorial judicial process. [294], The government maintains a policy of "mother tongue instruction"; most schools use Cantonese as the medium of instruction, with written education in both Chinese and English. [291] Three forms of gambling are legal in Hong Kong: lotteries and betting on horse racing and football. [17][18][19], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}22°16′42″N 114°10′28″E / 22.27833°N 114.17444°E / 22.27833; 114.17444, A 1915 map showing Victoria in the north shore of Hong Kong Island (below); Kowloon peninsula (above) was not part of the colony until 1860. Dans la métropole asiatique, 47 logements se sont vendus à plus de 25 millions de dollars en 2018, plus qu'à New-York ou à Londres. [188], Among the religious population, the traditional "three teachings" of China, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, have the most adherents (20 per cent), and are followed by Christianity (12 per cent) and Islam (4 per cent). [17][18] The whole territory was transferred to China in 1997. [81], Political debates after the transfer of sovereignty have centred around the region's democratic development and the central government's adherence to the "one country, two systems" principle. [112][150] The United Kingdom considers the law to be a serious violation of the Joint Declaration. ", "Hong Kong topples New York as world's richest city", "China Resumes Control of Hong Kong, Concluding 156 Years of British Rule", "It's fade out for Hong Kong's film industry as China moves into the spotlight", "Hong Kong's Mile-Long Escalator System Elevates the Senses: A Stairway to Urban Heaven", "World's longest sea-crossing bridge opens between Hong Kong and China", "Hong Kong pro-democracy legislators disqualified from parliament", "Forgotten stories of the great escape to Hong Kong", "Top 10 Hong Kong skyscraper nicknames, from the Big Syringe to the Hong Kong Finger", "A Hong Kong court has disqualified two legislators who refused to take their oath "correctly, "Hong Kong's umbrella revolution – the Guardian briefing", "Hong Kong Imports Over 90% of Its Food. [30], It has little arable land and few natural resources, importing most of its food and raw materials. It is an area on the north shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. [246] The Central and Western District has an extensive system of escalators and moving pavements, including the Mid-Levels escalator (the world's longest outdoor covered escalator system). [68], Its population rebounded quickly after the war, as skilled Chinese migrants fled from the Chinese Civil War, and more refugees crossed the border when the Communist Party took control of mainland China in 1949. Capitale Wine is your best source for great wines from all around the world! [66] The Imperial Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong on 8 December 1941, the same morning as its attack on Pearl Harbor. [37] Sir John Davis (the second colonial governor) offered an alternative origin; Davis said that the name derived from "Hoong-keang" ("red torrent"), reflecting the colour of soil over which a waterfall on the island flowed. The commissioner destroyed opium stockpiles and halted all foreign trade,[58] triggering a British military response and the First Opium War. Cette drogue, normalement utilisée en tant qu’anesthésiant est grandement addictive. [168] Single-family detached homes are extremely rare and generally only found in outlying areas. [252], With few natural lakes and rivers, high population density, inaccessible groundwater sources, and extremely seasonal rainfall, the territory does not have a reliable source of freshwater. It is the central business district of Hong Kong, and many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters in the area. [203] The city's location allowed it to establish a transportation and logistics infrastructure which includes the world's seventh-busiest container port[204] and the busiest airport for international cargo. Photo : Base64, Wikipédia. [233] Vehicle traffic is extremely congested in urban areas, exacerbated by limited space to expand roads and an increasing number of vehicles. [300], Hong Kong has eleven universities. Prices for Hong Kong's famous Peak Tram to increase for second time in less than two years", "Let Hongkongers serve in China's People's Liberation Army, says top military official", "A case for inclusion: Carrie Lam pledges to tout list of 16 ethnic minority Hongkongers for government advisory positions", "Once the World's Greatest Port, Hong Kong Sinks in Global Ranking", "As Hong Kong goes to the polls, why isn't the Communist Party on the ballot?