However, the Peters projection came to be seen as the lesser of two evils. Total Points. And how do their projections affect our view of the world? Peters is an equal-area projection which became the centrepiece of a controversy surrounding the political implications of map design. Get started! Por essa razão é chamada de projeção equivalente. Projeções de Mercator e Peters Entre as projeções cartográficas existentes ao longo do tempo, as mais conhecidas são as projeções de Mercator e Peters , no entanto existem outros tipos de projeções , classificados de acordo com a superfície de projeção (planas, cônicas ou cilíndricas) e de acordo com as propriedades … Maybe it's an extreme oversimplification to say that the Mercator projection is racist, or maybe it's not true on any level. Non-rectangular maps have been around for a long time. O mapa de Mercator representa o mundo visto pelos europeus de acordo com seus interesses. In addition, Mercator only distorts longitudinal distances (except very close to the poles), whereas Peters screws up the scale almost everywhere for both longitude and latitude. Mercator map enthusiasts defend the ease of navigation of their map. The Prime Meridian: Establishing Global Time and Space, M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis. In 1986 it was referred to as the Gall-Peter … All claims made by advocates for the Peters projection about Mercator distortion are correct, though one map being less wrong than the other doesn't make either map "right". Some say that because Arno Peters worked at a time when worldwide decolonization was coming to an end, he tried to reset the cartographic representation of the world by taking away the importance of the western world in the maps designed so far according to Mercator Projection. Skilled at marketing, Arno claimed that his map displayed third world countries more subjectively than the popular but highly distorted Mercator projection map. Once again, the Gall-Peters vs Mercator argument has come up. Superfície Terrestre - Projeção - Mapa. and to defend the Mercator projection. Proponents of the Peters projection map claim that their map is an accurate, fair, and unbiased depiction of the world when comparing theirs to the almost-defunct Mercator map, which features enlarged depictions of euro-centric countries and continents. Essa visão foi consolidada com o passar do tempo. Gall – Peters projection is a equal-area cylindrical projection that named after James Gall and Arno Peters. New believers in the Peters map were vociferous in demanding the use of this newer, better map. Ela é uma projeção conforme. The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection presented by the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. 0. In reality, the Mercator map was never intended to be used as a wall map and by the time Peters started complaining about it, the Mercator map was well on its way out of fashion anyway. Map found via reddit, click for larger version. 6. ", The Distance Between Degrees of Latitude and Longitude. Mercator colocou os meridianos perpendicularmente, um do lado do outro, cortando os paralelos. One of us! Assim, a Europa, além de ficar no centro e na parte de cima do mapa, ficou maior do que é na realidade, reforçando, simbolicamente, sua posição de superioridade. The Peters Projection world map is one of the most stimulating, and controversial, images of the world. The Peters simply isn’t … A projeção de Mercator distorce muito o tamanho das terras, principalmente as localizadas em altas latitudes, mas preserva a forma de continentes e países. Game Points. Map Projections: Mercator Vs The True Size of Each Country. In many ways the past debates over the Mercator are moot: arguing over the right projection for wall-sized world maps—Mercator vs. Peters vs. Robinson—is fighting the last war. When this map was first introduced by historian and cartographer Dr. Arno Peters at a Press Conference in Germany in 1974 it generated a firestorm of debate. However, because most people are happily unaware of this notion, they will look at a Mercator projection and believe Greenland is bigger than Africa. Matt Rosenberg is an award-winning geographer and the author of "The Handy Geography Answer Book" and "The Geography Bee Complete Preparation Handbook. But the popularity of the Peters Projection was likely due to a lack of knowledge about basic cartography, as this projection is still quite flawed. The Peters … Today, relatively few use either the Peters or Mercator map, yet the evangelizing continues. Africa, for example, is depicted as smaller than North America when it is, in reality, three times larger. Many feel that these discrepancies reflect racism and prejudice against underprivileged and developing countries. The Peters projection map uses a rectangular coordinate system that shows parallel lines of latitude and longitude. Servia, assim, às pretensões dos países subdesenvolvidos, principalmente africanos e asiáticos, que conseguiram sua independência política durante o processo de descolonização do pós-Guerra. It became the standard map projection for navigation because it is unique in representing north as up and south as down everywhere while preserving local … It became the standard map projection for nautical purposes because of its ability to represent lines of constant course, known as rhumb lines or loxodromes, as … A projeção de Peters invertida mostra o mundo na visão terceiro-mundista do planeta, considerando-se o momento histórico em que ela surgiu. This map's grid is rectangular and lines of latitude and longitude are parallel throughout. You need to get 100% to score the 6 points available. Entretanto, quando foi assinado o Acordo de Washington, em 1884, entre Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, tomou-se o Meridiano de Greenwich como referencial de longitude e de fuso horário. Até hoje, ela é utilizada na navegação marítima, principalmente pelo fato de acentuar as áreas em altas latitudes, destacando as regiões polares. Peters only chose to compare his strange-looking map to the Mercator map because he knew that the latter was an inappropriate representation of the earth, but so was his. Most alternative projections now in use, such as Robinson, Van der Grinten, or Eckert IV, still do not preserve the quality of ‘equal area’. At this time it was simply called the Gall orthographic. The National Geographic Society adopted the Van der Grinten projection, which encloses the world in a circle, in 1922. A Mercator vs. Peters controvérsia é realmente um ponto discutível. But although this angular layout makes navigation easier, accuracy and bias are major disadvantages that can't be ignored. In essence, the Peters projection was a response to a question that had already been answered. He promoted it as a superior alternative to the Mercator projection, which was suited to navigation but also used commonly in world maps. MERCATOR vs PETERS Projeções de Mercator e Peters: Diferentes maneiras de ver o Mundo! As we have learned, the Mercator is not a good overall scaled map when viewing large areas. Namely, the Mercator projection minimizes non-European or American countries and continents while enlarging privileged world powers. Pro-Peters folks often argue that this projection merely advantages colonial powers while disadvantaging others. But here's how each came to prominence and, in most cases, misuse. In addition, Mercator only distorts longitudinal distances (except very close to the poles), whereas Peters screws up the scale almost everywhere for both longitude and latitude. So, the correct tool in this case is the world mapped using the Peters projection. The Mercator map was designed as an aid to navigators with straight lines, loxodromes or rhumb lines—representing lines of constant compass bearing—that are perfect for "true" direction. Except where otherwise noted, images on this site are by Tobias Jung and are … To highlight the difference in distortion at low and high latitudes, I've superimposed Greenland over Africa in all three projections. This tells them which compass direction to continually sail in until they reach their destination. There's a lot you could say there. The Mercator, however, makes the North look much larger. Mercator, ao contrário de árabes e italianos, colocou o norte na parte de cima do seu mapa. Map projections: Mercator vs Gall-Peters learn by taking a quiz; Online quiz to learn Map projections: Mercator vs Gall-Peters; Your Skills & Rank. The Arno Peters Projection is recent, from 1973, but inspired by the Gall Projection from the 19th century. Embora o mapa-múndi de Peters continue expressando uma visão eurocêntrica do mundo, é visível o destaque dado aos países de baixa latitude, os quais, na projeção de Mercator, tinham suas áreas subestimadas. Ambos os mapas são projeções retangulares e são representações pobres do planeta. In a 1980s study, two British geographers discovered that the Mercator map did not exist among dozens of atlases examined. A projeção de Mercator é um marco na história da cartografia por ser uma das primeiras a mostrar o planeta inteiro. Mercator and Peters explain all in the Chat Show. Isso porque os europeus estavam conquistando e dominando territórios e povos e, por isso, sentiam-se superiores. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Today's Rank--0. Both maps are rectangular projections that are poor representations of a spherical planet. Fortunately, over the past few decades, the Mercator projection has fallen into disuse by most reliable sources. Todos os mapas são representações gráficas e planas da superfície terrestre. Mercator has become the default option for online mapmaking, simply because so many data visualization maps rely on Google Maps or OpenStreetMap … So which projection is better? But what to replace them with? As Mercator maps were already spiraling into obsoletion, a historian attempted to speed up this process by presenting a new map. Os meridianos e paralelos cruzavam-se sempre em um ângulo reto, o que permitia, com uma bússola na mão, aos navegadores orientarem-se pelos pontos cardeais e colaterais. Even the United Nations Development Programme began using the Peters projection in its maps. The Mercator vs. Peters controversy is truly a moot point. The Mercator map has always been inadequate as a world map due to its rectangular grid and shape, but geographically illiterate publishers once found it useful for designing wall, atlas, and book maps, even maps found in newspapers published by non-geographers. Mas aqui é como cada um ganhou destaque e, na maioria dos casos, o uso indevido. What Are Latitude and Longitude Lines on Maps? Finally, in 1998, the Society began using the Winkel Tripel projection, which features an even better balance between size and shape than the Robinson projection. Advertisement. Essa projeção mantém a equivalência das áreas de países e continentes; assim, os países aparecem do tamanho que realmente são. Compare these to this map which corrects for distortions and preserves the true size and shape of Greenland at low … Peters vs Mercator According to The Guardian, the Mercator projection, by pushing the equator below the halfway line of the map, while handier for representing navigation routes, exaggerates the size of land masses in the northern hemisphere.